The Great Commission
After Jesus’ glorious resurrection from the dead, He appeared to His disciples to show them He had risen from the dead. While some of them had trouble believing their own eyes, Jesus was alive and He had a message for them that would forever change their lives.
“And Jesus came and spoke to them,
saying, "All authority has been given to Me in
heaven and on earth. "Go therefore
and make disciples of all the nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father
and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit,
"teaching them to observe all things that I have commanded you; and
lo, I am with you always, even to
the end of the age." Amen.”(Matthew
28:18-20)
His
disciples may have thought their work was finished when Christ was crucified on
the cruel cross, but now they find out their work has just begun. Jesus had
prepared His disciples earlier for this momentous occasion as He sent them out
on a limited commission to the Jews only (Matt. 10:5ff). Now the command was to
go out to all nations which would include both Jew and Gentile.
Let’s take closer at Jesus’ Words. First, He said “all
authority has been given to me in heaven and earth.” In this statement Jesus is
showing His divine nature and that He is the Son of God. The word “authority”
comes from the Greek word “exousia” which means, “the power of him whose will and commands must be
submitted to by others and obeyed” (Thayer). Only Jesus could make such a
statement as He gave up the riches of His heavenly home to become human (2 Cor.
8:9; Phil. 2:5ff; John 1:1ff) and to be tempted, yet He did not sin (Heb.
4:15). He remained faithful to God the Father all the days of His life including the intense suffering and
shame He endured surrounding His crucifixion (Phil. 2:8ff). As proof of His
faithfulness, God raised Him from the dead, which is why He can now say He has
all authority over heaven and earth. This means that every person is subject to
Jesus’ authority except for the Father (1 Cor. 15:27). When Jesus ascended to
the Father, He sat down at His right side. Then He poured out the Holy Spirit
onto His Apostles which proved that His reign as King had begun (Acts 2:1-36).
The church/kingdom began on the day of Pentecost and Jesus is its head on both
the earth and in heaven (Eph. 1:22-23). This means that we should not have
earthly headquarters as some in the religious world do because Christ is our
head and authority. Also, there are those that claim that Jesus’ kingdom is
still yet to come. However, that doesn’t make any sense because Jesus has all
authority over heaven and earth and is called “King of Kings and Lord or
Lord’s” (1 Tim. 6:15). If His kingdom is still in the future then what does He
have authority over? What is He King of? The scriptures make it clear that He
is reigning over His kingdom right now with all authority and that He will hand
over His kingdom to the Father when He comes again (1 Cor. 15:24ff).
Now that Jesus has proved
His authority, He commands His disciples to “go therefore and make disciples of
all the nations.” While Jesus directed this command to His disciples of that
day, this same command is to be followed by all Christians. Every Christian
should be doing what they can to reach the lost and lead people to Christ.
Please notice the command is to “go and make disciples.” The word “disciple”
comes from the Greek word “matheteuo” which means, “to be the disciple of one; to follow his
precepts and instruction; to teach” (Thayer). Simply put, a disciple is
one who is taught and follows the teaching of another. From this basic
principle it is easy for us to understand that a person must be taught before
they can become a disciple of Christ. This is exactly what we see prophesied by
Jeremiah.
"
Behold, the
days are coming, says the LORD, when I will make a new covenant with the house
of Israel and with the house of Judah -- "not according to the covenant
that I made with their fathers in the day that I took them by the hand to lead them out of the land of
Egypt, My covenant which they broke, though I was a husband to them, says the
LORD. "But this is the
covenant that I will make with the house of Israel after those days, says the
LORD: I will put My law in their minds, and write it on their hearts; and I
will be their God, and they shall be My people. "No more shall every man
teach his neighbor, and every man his brother, saying, 'Know the LORD,' for
they all shall know Me, from the least of them to the
greatest of them, says the LORD. For I will forgive their iniquity, and their
sin I will remember no more." (Jeremiah
31:31-34)
Under
the Law of Moses a Jew was born a child of God and a male child was circumcised
on the 8th day (Gen. 17:12-13). As he grew up, he would be
taught about God and how he needs to obey His commands. However, Jeremiah is
teaching us that this system under the old covenant was going to change under
the new covenant that we are under now. Under this new covenant, no one is born
a child of God. Instead, they must learn about God first, then
choose to accept God’s grace by obeying His commands. Therefore, one must be
taught before they can become a disciple of Christ. To prove this principle
further, consider the following points:
Many other passages could be given, but these are enough to show that one must be taught before they can become a disciple of Christ. This fact alone shows us that infant baptism is invalid and unscriptural. Neither an infant nor a young child has the cognitive ability to be taught in such way for them to understand what it means to be a disciple of Christ.
Jesus tells His disciples to make disciples of “all nations.” This would include all nationalities because God doesn’t show partiality (Acts 10:34-35; Gal. 3:28ff). He wants all humans to come to a knowledge of the truth and be saved (1 Tim. 2:4; 2 Pet. 3:9). These verses can also be used to show that Calvinism’s doctrine on selective grace is not true. At first Jesus’ disciples didn’t fully understand that all nations included the Gentiles until several years later. God revealed this truth to Peter and his companions at the conversion of Cornelius and his household (Acts 10). From that point forward the Word of God was eventually preached to everyone (Col. 1:6,23).
As we get back to Jesus' commands, we find out that teaching
is not the only thing necessary for becoming a disciple. He also makes baptism
necessary as well. He commanded them, “baptizing them in the name of the Father and
of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, teaching
them to observe all things that I have commanded you.” From the
English language it should be easy to see that both teaching and baptism are
necessary to become a disciple of Christ. We can further confirm this from the
grammar of the original Greek as well. Both Greek words for “baptizing” and
“teaching” are present participles. This indicates both of these actions take place
at the same time as the main verb which is “make disciples”. This means that
both teaching and baptizing are necessary to complete the action of the main
verb “make disciples.” The Pulpit
Commentary explains it this way, "The present participle denotes the mode
of initiation into discipleship. Make them disciples by baptizing them."
As you can see, both languages clearly show
that Jesus' commanded His disciples to both teach and baptize to make a
disciple.
This brings us to another
point. Since Jesus commanded these things to be done, this means that these
actions are carried out by humans. After all, we can teach and we can baptize
someone. The baptism being commanded here was to continue until the end of the
age. The only kind of baptism this could be referring to is water baptism and
not Holy Spirit baptism as some claim. Holy Spirit baptism was a promise (Acts
2:33) that Jesus would administer (Mat. 3:11) and we only have two recorded
instances of this happening in the Bible. The first instance was on the day of
Pentecost (Acts 2) and the second one was at the house of Cornelius (Acts 10,
11). Since Holy Spirit baptism was a promise administered by Jesus it cannot be
the baptism commanded in the great commission. You cannot obey a promise.
However, we can baptize someone in water and this is exactly what you see
happening throughout book of Acts. There should be no doubt that water baptism
is under consideration here.
There are several more
interesting points that can be observed from Jesus’ command to baptize “into
the name of the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit”.
First, we need to look at this phrase, “into the name of” and what it means.
The BDAG Lexicon defines it this way, “Those who are baptized become the
possession of and come under the dedicated protection of the one whose name
they bear.” Also consider this quote, “In the Greek papyri, which is that from
which we get the New Testament, “into the name of” was a common phrase for the
transference of ownership” (Archaeology in the New Testament). These
definitions show us just how important baptism is, because when a person is
baptized into the name of the Farther, the Son and the Holy Ghost, they become
God’s possession and are now under His protection. Without baptism, this
transfer of ownership and union with God cannot occur. This means that you
cannot be a disciple of Christ without baptism which leaves you in a lost
state.
Paul brings some
clarity to this in 1 Corinthians 1 where he was teaching against dividing the
Lord’s church up because there is only one church. Then he makes a statement
about baptism.
For it has been declared to me
concerning you, my brethren, by those of Chloe's household, that there are contentions among you. Now I say this, that each of
you says, "I am of Paul," or "I am of Apollos,"
or "I am of Cephas," or "I am of
Christ." Is Christ divided? Was Paul crucified for you? Or were you
baptized in the name of Paul? (1
Corinthians 1:11)
Paul
is stressing the point that Christ was crucified for us and we should not be
trying to divide the one church He established. Also, we should not be exalting
a human above Christ by calling ourselves after that person because the church
belongs to the Lord (Mat. 16:18) and He purchased it with his own blood (Acts
20:7). Finally, Paul teaches us that baptism is what makes it possible for you
to say, “I am of Christ” which means that you belong to Him.
The
second interesting thing about Jesus command to baptize “into the name of the Father and of the Son and of
the Holy Spirit” is that it shows the Trinity of the Godhead. This is even more
obvious when you look at the original Greek language. In Greek grammar, the
general rule is when a definite article is present before a word it identifies
it as individual or a specific thing. However, when the article is absent
before a word then it shows its nature or quality. Let me give you an example
of what I mean.
Then the woman of
First,
“the woman” shows that this specific woman is being referred to as individual.
However, the second use of the word “woman” without the definite article “the”
simply refers to any Samaritan woman. So, in our text, we can see all three
persons that make up the Godhead have the definite article “the” in front of
them. This shows us that each of them is an individual person that makes up the
triune nature of God. Now if the passage had only said the Father, Son and Holy
Spirit, then all three of these would have been referring to one person. Since
that is not the case, this is a great passage that refutes the doctrine that
states the Farther, Son, and Holy Spirit are all the same person.
Next
Jesus commands, “teaching them to observe all things that I
have commanded you.” I have previously stated
teaching must occur before one can become a disciple of Christ and there are
certain things that a person must know and understand to become a disciple of
Christ. For instance a person must understand that they are a sinner and are
separated from God (Rom. 3:23; Isa. 59:1-2). They must understand Jesus' death,
burial and resurrection and that He is the only way to heaven (John 14:6). Once
a person believes that Jesus is the Son of God and they realize that they are
lost without Him. They must be taught to repent (Luke 13:3) and turn away from
their old lifestyle by living their life according to God's Word. They must
also understand they have to confess Jesus as their Lord (Rom. 10:10) and
continue to confess Him as Lord. Finally, a person must understand that they
must be baptized in the name of Jesus or by His authority for the remission of
their sins (Acts 2:38). They need to understand at the point of baptism is when
they enter into possession of God and are added to the one church by Him (Acts
2:47). When a person understands this basic principle of Christianity, then
they have the knowledge and ability to become a disciple of Christ. Once they
choose to accept God's plan of salvation by submitting to God's authority. They
must continue to be taught and shown how important it is for them learn as much
as they can about God's commands (2 Tim. 2:15; 2 Pet. 3:18). They also need to
be taught there is more to it than just knowing the commands of God because
they must live by them faithfully until the day they die (Rev. 2:10).
Finally
Jesus says, “and lo, I am with you always, even to the end of the age." While Jesus was speaking to His apostles here,
this message certainly applies to us today. It teaches us that Jesus is with us
and He is watching over us until the end of the age when He comes again. These
promises are made to Christians in several other passages as well (Rom. 8:28;
Heb. 13:5-6; 1 Pet. 3:12). What a comforting thought to know that our God will
always be there for us.
When you combine the commands Jesus gave at the great
commission and compare them to the conversions in the book of Acts, you should
have no problem understanding what it takes to become a disciple of Christ. You
must hear the Word of God (Rom. 10:17), believe that Jesus is the Son of God
(Jn. 8:24), repent (Luke 13:3), confess Jesus as Lord (